Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a severe emotional reaction to the hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle. Its symptoms can disrupt your daily activities and significantly impair your ability to function.
Understanding Menstrual Cycle Hormonal Changes
Estrogen and progesterone, the primary female reproductive hormones, fluctuate throughout your cycle. These complex hormonal changes can affect neurotransmitters like serotonin, which influences your mood.
The DSM-5-TR includes a set of diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder:
- Severe depression or feelings of hopelessness
- Intense anger and conflict with other people
- Tension, anxiety, and irritability
- Decreased interest in usual activities
- Difficulty concentrating
- Fatigue or low energy
- Changes in appetite
- Feeling out of control
- Sleep problems
- Physical symptoms such as bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, and joint or muscle pain
Why PMDD Is a Severe Mental Health Concern
Beyond typical premenstrual discomfort, PMDD is a chronic condition that can severely affect your quality of life, relationships, and performance at work or school. The intensity of the symptoms can lead to significant emotional distress and, in severe cases, suicidal thoughts.
Researchers have yet to pinpoint a specific cause of PMDD. However, many doctors believe this condition relates to the brain’s abnormal response to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. Women with a family history of PMDD or PMS, a personal or family history of depression or mood disorders, and those who have experienced trauma or stress may be at higher risk.
Management and Treatment of PMDD
Prescription medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are generally the first line of treatment for PMDD. While these drugs can be effective, it may require some trial and error to find a medication and dosage that provides relief. In some cases, your doctor might also prescribe birth control pills or other hormonal treatments to stabilize your estrogen and progesterone levels.
Here are some other strategies you can try to get your PMDD under control.
- Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and sufficient sleep can significantly improve symptoms.
- Stress management: Techniques such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness may be beneficial.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy: A therapist who specializes in this treatment modality can teach you coping strategies to turn negativity into positivity.
- Keep a symptom diary: Tracking symptoms can help you spot patterns in your menstrual cycle and determine the most effective management strategies.
- Dietary adjustments: Reducing your intake of caffeine, alcohol, salt, and sugar can alleviate physical symptoms. Increasing protein and complex carbohydrates might stabilize mood swings.
- Supplements: Calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B6 reduce PMDD symptoms for some women.
Safe and Nurturing Environment for Women
Understanding how hormonal fluctuations affect your mood during your menstrual cycle is crucial if you suspect you have PMDD or other emotional challenges. The Pearl provides a uniquely transformative environment where women can heal and establish healthy habits. We offer integrative wellness services to support each woman’s unique recovery goals. Learn how to transform your life by contacting us today.
